Vitamin B12 is needed for normal nerve cell activity, DNA replication, and production of the mood-affecting substance called SAM (S-adenosyl methionine). Vitamin B12 works with folic acid to control homocysteine levels. An excess of homocysteine, which is an amino acid (protein building block), dramatically increases the risk of heart disease and perhaps osteoporosis. Where is it found? Vitamin B12 is found in all foods of animal origin, including dairy, eggs, meat, fish, and poultry. Inconsistent but small amounts occur in seaweed (including spirulina) and tempeh.

In what conditions might vitamin B12 be supportive?

• asthma
• atherosclerosis
• bursitis
• Crohn’s disease
• depression
• diabetes
• hepatitis
• high cholesterol
• HIV support
• infertility (male)
• minor injuries
• osteoporosis
• pernicious anemia
• retinopathy
• shingles (herpes zoster)
• tinnitus
• vitiligo